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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(1): 133-148, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149385

RESUMO

Resumen La actitud positiva hacia la estadística promueve el estudio y uso de esta disciplina fundamental para analizar datos; de ahí la relevancia de evaluar el nivel actitudinal y desarrollar estrategias que lo potencien. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Estadística (EAE-25) de Auzmendi es uno de los instrumentos más usados en español para medir esta actitud, pero no se ha validado en México, lo que es importante para su uso en este país y para aportar evidencias de validez. Los objetivos del estudio fueron contrastar el modelo propuesto originariamente, comprobar su consistencia interna, describir su distribución, comparar los promedios entre sexos y verificar su validez concurrente. Este estudio instrumental usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó una muestra de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos (73.6 % mujeres y 26.4 % hombres) que respondieron a dos escalas de actitud. El modelo de cinco factores (confianza, ansiedad, agrado, utilidad y motivación) mostró buen ajuste a los datos. Sus factores presentaron confiabilidad y validez discriminante. La distribución de las puntuaciones en EAE-25 fue normal. La actitud se polarizó, aproximadamente, en cuatro de cada diez estudiantes hacia la aceptación y en uno de cada diez hacia el rechazo. No hubo diferencias de medias entre sexos. La EAE-25 tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación y baja con la calificación en la materia de investigación del semestre anterior. Se concluye que la EAE-25 presenta consistencia interna y validez de constructo.


Abstract The positive attitude towards statistics promotes the study and use of this fundamental discipline to analyze data, hence the relevance of evaluating the attitudinal level and developing strategies that promote a positive attitude. The Auzmendi's Scale of Attitude towards Statistics (EAE-25) is one of the most used instruments in Spanish language to assess this attitude; however, it has not been validated in Mexico, which is important for its use in this country and to provide evidence of validity. The objectives of the study were to test the originally proposed model, to verify its reliability, to describe its distribution, to compare the averages between both sexes, and to verify its concurrent validity. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in this instrumental study. A sample of 383 Mexican psychology students was analyzed (73.6 % women and 26.4 % men). The EAE-25 and a scale assessing attitude towards research were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the Auzmendi's five-factor model. The parameter estimation was performed by unweighted least squares, using polychoric correlation matrix. The internal consistency was estimated by the McDonald's omega coefficient (ω), the convergent validity by the average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity by the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The mean differences between both sexes were tested through the t-test and concurrent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficients. The model of five correlated factors (confidence, anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, and motivation) showed good fit (χ./df =1.79, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, NFI = .97, CFI =.99, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .07). The five factors showed reliability (ω > .80 in confidence, anxiety, pleasure, and usefulness, and ω = .72 in motivation) and discriminant validity (HTMT < .85 in nine out of ten factor pairs, and < .90 in the pair of the anxiety and confidence factors). The values of AVE were higher than .50 in the factors of confidence, anxiety and pleasure, which shows convergent validity in these three factors. A value of AVE very close to .50 in utility (AVE = .49) was compensated by an omega coefficient of .82, which suggests an acceptable convergent validity. However, the value of AVE was lower than .50 in motivation (AVE = .34). The EAE-25 and its factors presented normal distribution, with the exception of the motivation factor. The scores in the scale and its factors were obtained through the quotient between the sum of the items scored in the sense of acceptance attitude and the number of items added. These scores were interpreted in an absolute sense, by dividing the continuum from 1 to 5 into five intervals in correspondence with the five ordered categories of response to the items: [1, 1.8) y [1.8, 2.6) rejection, [2.6, 3.4) neutral, and [3.4, 4.2) y [4.2, 5] acceptance. The average attitude was positive in confidence (. = 3.53) and utility (. = 3.52), and neutral in the EAE-25 total score and its other three factors. The EAE-25 total scores were polarized towards acceptance in approximately four out of ten students and towards the rejected in approximately one out of ten; in the rest, they were neutral. There were no differences of means between both sexes. The EAE-25 total score had a high correlation with the total score in the scale of attitude towards research (. = .52, . < .001) and low with the qualification in the research subject of the previous semester (. = .13, . < .001). It is concluded that EAE-25 presents internal consistency and construct validity. It is suggested to use this scale in applied research in the field of university education and upper secondary education.

2.
Ansiedad estrés ; 25(2): 79-84, jul.-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190727

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La tolerancia al estrés se define como la capacidad para experimentar y resistir estados psicológicos negativos. Recientemente ha sido estudiada en relación con diversos aspectos psicopatológicos, pero no de forma suficiente con otras variables no clínicas, entre ellas la edad. La presente investigación surge debido al creciente interés en incluir la variable tolerancia al estrés en la investigación clínica y la escasez de estudios en español al respecto. El objetivo es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tolerancia al estrés en muestras mexicanas, evaluar su relación con el estrés percibido y comparar sus puntuaciones por grupos de edad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se compone de 2 muestras de conveniencia, la primera de 225 personas, con edad promedio de 34.1 años (DE = 13.9), el 71.6% mujeres y el 28.4% hombres. La muestra 2 se compone de 384 universitarios, con edad promedio de 19.4 años (DE = 3.1) el 73.2% mujeres y el 26.8% hombres. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron valores adecuados de consistencia interna en ambas muestras. Se confirmó la estructura de 4 factores con uno de segundo orden. Las correlaciones entre la mayoría de las subescalas de tolerancia al estrés fueron significativas en ambas muestras, al igual que las correlaciones (negativas) entre estrés percibido y tolerancia al estrés. Las puntuaciones fueron equivalentes entre los diferentes grupos de edad. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que es una escala con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, y que la versión española es adecuada para ser utilizada en población mexicana y posiblemente latina


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Distress tolerance is defined as the ability to experience and resist negative psychological states. Recently it has been studied in relation to different psychopathological aspects, but not enough in relation to other non-clinical variables, including age. This research arises due to the growing interest in including distress tolerance in clinical research and the scarcity of studies in Spanish in this regard. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Distress Tolerance Scale in a Mexican sample; and to assess their relationship with perceived stress and compare their scores by age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consists of 2 convenience samples, the first of 225 people, with an average age of 34.1 years (SD = 13.9), 71.6% women and 28.4% men. Sample 2 is composed of 384 university students, with an average age of 19.4 years (SD = 3.1) 73.2% women and 26.8% men. RESULTS: We found adequate values of reliability in both samples. The 4 factor structure with a second order structure was confirmed. The correlations between most of the distress tolerance subscales were significant in both samples, as well as the negative correlation between perceived stress and distress tolerance. The scores were equivalent among the different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that this is a scale with adequate psychometric properties and that the Spanish version is suitable to be used in the Mexican population and possibly in the Latin population


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Permissividade , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Psicometria , México
3.
Ansiedad estrés ; 22(2/3): 68-73, jul.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158593

RESUMO

Las actividades del tiempo libre, distintas al trabajo o la escuela, aportan recursos para la salud. Este estudio propone el dibujo para afrontar el estrés percibido. Participaron 216 alumnos universitarios (53 hombres, 163 mujeres) sin diagnóstico de depresión o ansiedad. Se dividieron en 6 grupos experimentales por sus instrucciones: dibujo con o sin texto relacionado con el estresor, buscando distraerse u orientado al conflicto. Se usó la escala de estrés percibido e imágenes del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas. Los análisis realizados, de varianza y prueba t pareada, mostraron una disminución significativa del estrés percibido en 4 grupos (postest): dibujo como distractor con y sin texto, reproducción de imagen como distractor sin texto y dibujo del estresor con texto. Hubo diferencias entre sexos; en mujeres el estrés fue mayor en el pretest y menor en el postest. Se evidencia la importancia del género en estas intervenciones


Leisure activities, other than work or school, provide resources for health. This study proposes drawing as a coping mechanism against the perception of stress. It included 216 university students (53 men, 163 women) without a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Participants were divided into 6 experimental groups as follows: drawing related to the stressor, drawing as a distraction or drawing as a conflict oriented activity, each with or without text. The Perceived Stress Scale and pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were used. Analysis of variance and paired t-test analyses showed a significant decrease in perceived stress in 4 groups (post-test): drawing as a distraction with and without text, image reproduction as a distraction without text and drawing related to the stressor with text. Gender differences were found, with pre-test stress higher in women and post-test stress lower. The importance of gender in these interventions is underlined


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Arteterapia/métodos , Distribuição por Sexo , Terapia Recreacional/métodos , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Psicometria/instrumentação
4.
Ansiedad estrés ; 20(1): 89-100, jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-122898

RESUMO

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas, confirmar la estructura factorial y construir baremos diferenciados por sexo del ISRA-B en una muestra de México de 1,651 participantes de ambos sexos, con un rango de edad de 18 a 55 años (M = 34.2; DT = 10.9). Los resultados confirman la estructura factorial del ISRA-B, una excelente consistencia interna total, buenos valores de consistencia interna para cada una de sus subescalas, además de evidenciar su validez al compararse con el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3. Asimismo, se presentan los baremos diferenciados por sexo y medidas de tendencia central por grupo de edad y sexo. Se concluye que el ISRA-B es un instrumento válido y confiable por lo que se recomienda su uso


The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, confirm the factor structure and establish normative data, differentiated by sex, using the ISRA-B in a Mexican sample of 1,651 participants of both sexes, aged 18-55 years (M = 34.2; SD = 10.9). The results confirm the factor structure of the ISRA-B, an excellent overall internal consistency, good internal consistency values ​​for the subscales, and also demonstrated its validity when compared with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index -3. Also, the normative data are presented, differentiated by sex, and measures of central tendency by age and sex group. The ISRA-B is a valid and reliable instrument whereby its use is recommended


Assuntos
Humanos , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Escala de Ansiedade Manifesta , Psicometria/instrumentação , México , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Análise Fatorial
5.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 4(2): 1585-1594, ago. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-740134

RESUMO

Las lesiones por quemaduras se consideran como unas de las lesiones más traumáticas que los niños pueden enfrentar y sus consecuencias van más allá de los problemas físicos, por lo qué conocer el ajuste positivo después de una quemadura resulta de gran importancia. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar los niveles de resiliencia de un grupo de pacientes pediátricos sobrevivientes de quemaduras y evaluar las diferencias de acuerdo al sexo. Consistió en un estudio transversal en donde se evaluó a 57 niños y adolescentes sobrevivientes de quemaduras, quienes acudieron al Servicio de cirugía plástica del Hospital Universitario de la UANL. Los resultados mostraron que los niños y adolescentes de este estudio reportaron un alto nivel de resiliencia, por lo que puede concluirse que experimentar un evento traumático o devastador no necesariamente conlleva a presentar consecuencias negativas en el funcionamiento psicológico o comportamental.


Burn injuries are considered one of the most traumatic injuries a child or adolescent may experience and their consequences go beyond the physical problems, therefore the knowledge of positive adjustment after a burn is important. The aims of this study were to identify the levels of resilience in a group of pediatric burn survivors and to evaluate the differences by sex. This was a cross-sectional study in which 57 children and adolescents burn survivors, who attended to the Plastic Surgery Service of the UANL University Hospital, were evaluated. The results showed that children and adolescents of this study reported a high level of resilience, so it can be concluded that experiencing a traumatic or devastating event does not necessarily leads to negative consequences in psychological or behavioral functioning.

6.
Psicol. Caribe ; 29(1): 19-46, ene.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-656897

RESUMO

Este estudio identicó la relación entre depresión, estrés y número de estresores enfrentados por adolescentes primigestas bajo distintas condiciones de estado civil. Correspondió a un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio; la muestra estuvo compuesta por 82 adolescentes primigestas entre 15 y 19 años, a quienes se les aplicaron el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, la Escala de Estrés Percibido y el Cuestionario de Sucesos Vitales. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales indicaron que la condición de estado civil, el tipo de embarazo y los estresores relacionados a nanzas, hijos y situaciones sociales, son factores que explican el 64% de la varianza de estrés, así como el 71% de la depresión en las adolescentes primigestas.


This study aimed to identify the relationship between depression, stress and the number of stressors faced by pregnant teenagers under different conditions of marital status. This was a non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study. The sample consisted of 82 rst-time pregnant teenagers, who responded to the assessment instruments: Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Life Events Questionnaire. Using structural equation models we found that the condition of marital status, pregnancy type, and stressors related to nances, children and social situations are factors that explain 64% of the variance in stress and 71% for depression in rst-time pregnant teenagers.

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